From C To Java


In this post we will talk about going from C into Java knowing all that I told in previous posts.

Statements:

Most statements like if-else, while, for, switch-case are the same as in C and are predefined and don’t need to be “imported”. The way you define variable and functions is also mostly the same, except we need to use words in front now like public, static, private that are not so present in non-object-oriented programming. 

Objects and Classes:

In object-oriented programming like Java or C# you use Objects that are similar to the Structs we talked about previously. The only difference is that a Struct now will also have functions or methods that can be called via the ”.” modifier the same way as we got or changed the values of specific member’s of the Struct. This Objects are mostly made in Classes, a specific subprogramm of the whole Programm in which we split our programm. So, using objects and classes you put the code where it needs to be and the code is easier to read and parts of it reusable. For example, you don’t have to make an char array now for String’s but there is a String Class or Object predefined in Java that has all the methods and stuff you need to get going. There are many of those Object’s included in Java Libraries and you can find all of them in the Java API:  https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/

User Input:

For user input I like to use the Object Scanner, cause it’s easy to use and can be used for all datatypes needed for basic stuff. You define it like that: 

Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in); //where System.in means Keyboard Input

then using s.nextInt() you can get Integer Input, s.next() String Input, s.nextLine() Line Input (Like an whole text) and s.next().CharAt(0) Character Input, where you call the String Input and that call a String function that returns the first Character. There are also other ways of doing it, but I think for starting out Scanner is the best way. For closing the Scanner you use s.close(). I do it to get rid of the Error, but sometimes it may come handy.

Printing at Console:

For printing we use System.out.print() or System.out.println() that puts a new line also. You could also use System.out.printf() if you like the way C does things. For Printing an Variable with it you can just put it inside alone, but when you also have some message you will have to concatenate the String’s using the + sign.

For example: 

when you want to print the text “Hello, World!” you do System.out.println(“Hello, World!”);

when you want to print “value : 5” where 5 is the value of some integer a you do: 

System.out.println(“value : “ + value);

Arrays:

An Array is an Object in Java and when using objects you use the new modifier to create and allocate the object, cause else it’s like an pointer in C and is null and this will cause null pointer exceptions. So for creating an Integer Array of size “size” you do: int[] A = new int[size]; You can also split those if you want to put the size afterwards like this:  

**int[]A;**
**//Other Code**
**A = new int[size];**

Code:

Now that we know some basic stuff about Java let’s create an C-Like programm in Java. Suppose we want to create a program that does some calculations on an integer array. The array will be of size “size” a variable that we get as user input (pseudo-dynamic) and size needs to be between 1…100.

We will create a menu that gets a string user input(switch case) and does the following:

“fill”: fill Array with rand numbers between a…b where a, b integers and a < b

“sum” : sum Array

“max” : find max

“min” : find min

“sort” : sort Array

“search” : search number

“avg” : average

“exit” : Exit

You don’t need functions for them cause we don’t spoke about them yet.

package steemit; //the packet in the IDE I save the code
  

import java.util.Scanner; //library for Scanner object
  

public class clike { // you have to call your .java file also clike.java
  

	public static void main(String[] args) { // this is the way we define main
  

		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in); // java object for user input /
		int[] A; // define array without size
		int size; // variable for the size
		int a, b; // values from user
		int sum = -1, max, min;
		int search, num, temp; // user input
		double avg = -1;
		char sort; // for sort choice
		String choice; // string for switch case choice
  

		// size of array as user input
		do {
			System.out.print("Give size for array: "); // printing to console
			size = in.nextInt(); // getting user integer input
			if (size < 1 || size > 100)
				System.out.println("The size must be in the range of 1...100");
		} while (size < 1 || size > 100);
		A = new int[size]; // "allocate" the array of size
  

		do { // infinite loop
				// print menu
			System.out.println("“fill”: fill Array with rand numbers");
			System.out.println("“sum” : sum Array");
			System.out.println("“max” : find max");
			System.out.println("“min” : find min");
			System.out.println("“sort” : sort Array");
			System.out.println("“search” : search number");
			System.out.println("“avg” : average");
			System.out.println("“Q” : implementation of question Q");
			System.out.println("“exit” : Exit");
			// getting choice
			System.out.print("choice: ");
			choice = in.next(); // getting string input
			switch (choice) { // switch case of String (couldn't be done in C
								// that easily cause in Java String is a Object
			case "fill":
				// read numbers a, b for range
				do {
					System.out.println("Give 2 ints to fill array with random numbers between them");
					System.out.print("a: ");
					a = in.nextInt(); // getting user integer input
					System.out.print("b: ");
					b = in.nextInt(); // getting user integer input
					if (!(a < b))
						System.out.println("a must be less then b");
				} while (!(a < b));
  

				// fill array with number in range [a,b]
				for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
					// getting random number between a...b
					A[i] = a + (int) ((b - a + 1) * Math.random());
				}
				break;
			case "sum":
				// calculating sum
				sum = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
					sum += A[i];
				}
				System.out.println("sum of array is: " + sum);
				break;
			case "max":
				// finding max
				max = 0;
				for (int i = 1; i < A.length; i++) {
					if (A[i] > A[max])
						max = i;
				}
				System.out.println("max is " + A[max]);
				break;
			case "min":
				// finding min
				min = 0;
				for (int i = 1; i < A.length; i++) {
					if (A[i] < A[min])
						min = i;
				}
				System.out.println("min is " + A[min]);
				break;
			case "sort":
				// sorting array
				System.out.println("Do you want ascending (a) or descending (d) order?");
				do {
					System.out.print("Choice: ");
					sort = in.next().charAt(0); // getting char input
				} while (sort != 'a' && sort != 'd');
				if (sort == 'a') { // ascending sort
					for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
						for (int j = 0; j < A.length; j++) {
							if (A[i] < A[j]) {
								temp = A[i];
								A[i] = A[j];
								A[j] = temp;
							}
						}
					}
				} else if (sort == 'd') { // descending sort
					for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
						for (int j = 0; j < A.length; j++) {
							if (A[i] > A[j]) {
								temp = A[i];
								A[i] = A[j];
								A[j] = temp;
							}
						}
					}
				}
				break;
			case "search":
				// search for a number
				System.out.print("Give number to search for: ");
				num = in.nextInt();
				search = -1;
				for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
					if (A[i] == num) {
						search = i;
						break;
					}
				}
				if (search != -1)
					System.out.println("Found at pos: " + search);
				else
					System.out.println(num + " was not found!");
				break;
			case "avg":
				// find average
				if (sum == -1) { // if sum was not called: error
					System.out.println("Choose “sum” first");
					break;
				}
				avg = (double) sum / A.length;
				System.out.println("avg of array is: " + avg);
				break;
			case "exit":
				// terminate programm
				in.close(); // close the Scanner
				System.exit(0);
			default:
				// wrong choice
				System.out.println("Wrong choice! Give another choice!");
			}
  

		} while (true);
  

	}
  

}

Java Language


Basics


From C To Java

From C To Java

Classes and Methods

Java Classes and Methods

Composition and ArrayList

Java Composition and ArrayList

Inheritance

Java Inheritance

Interfaces

Java Interfaces

Exceptions

Java Exceptions

Files

Java Files

All-in-One Exercise

Java All-in-One Exercise

All-in-One Exercise Solution

Java All-in-One Exercise Solution


Datastructures


Data Structures

Java Data Structures


GUI


GUI (awt)

Java GUI (awt)

GUI (swing)

Java GUI (swing)

Events and Listeners

Java GUI Events and Listeners

GUI Examples

Java GUI Examples

All-In-One Exercise Extended

Java All-In-One Exercise Extended

Web Applets

Java Web Applets

All-In-One Exercise Extended Solution

Java All-In-One Exercise Extended Solution